Snipping is taking a section of stem, of any length, right above a 'joint.' A joint being a place where either leaves sprout from the stem or two stems sprout off. Snipping encourages the growth of the plant to be directed into the joint, resulting in longer stems and more leaves. Best for the beginning to middle of the growing season, or for slow growing woody stemmed herbs.
Pinching off is taking the top growing leaves, or the leaders. This is best performed at the beginning of the growing season and makes for really bushy plants, and the top leaves are the youngest and most delicious, a nice thing to serve to your favourite people. Can be used on green or woody stemmed herbs.
Pinching is also the way of taking leaves off of trees like this Bay Laurel, except I take the leaf from the bottom instead of the top because I want the tree to be nice, tall and thin, right now, instead of bushy.
Cutting off is the way to harvest green stemmed herbs like Parsley, Cilantro and even Arugula and Lettuces. You cut the stems an inch of two above the soil, and in a little amount of time they will grow back, this method is commonly called cut-and-come-again. This also the way I do my final Basil harvest, when the season is done and I want to make my last Pesto.
Trying to consider how plants will repair themselves afterwards should be enough to guide you in how to harvest from them.
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